New laws and changes to existing law are added to the system on a regular basis. These new laws are known as “bills.”

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, theories of law were dominated by utilitarian and naturalist ideas. Utilitarian theorists, like John Austin, argued that law is a collection of commands backed by the threat of sanctions from a sovereign that people obey out of a desire for self-interest. Natural lawyers, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Aquinas, argued that laws are based on unchanging moral principles and reflect a natural order that humans cannot change.

This bill would amend City laws to require City agencies that suffer a security breach involving persons’ private identifying information to promptly disclose the breach to affected individuals and to the City’s Chief Privacy Officer, Office of Cyber Command and Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (formerly the NYPD). It also makes certain definitions more consistent with State law.

Providing notice to employees and job applicants of the availability of federal and state student loan forgiveness programs.

This bill would amend the City’s labor laws to require that construction labor providers be licensed and, in addition, to require such licensees to comply with certain requirements relating to the provision of information to workers about the availability of student loan forgiveness programs and other financial benefits that may be available for them. It also makes a number of other technical amendments to the laws.